Why is there glacial deposits in africa

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Special reports. Water footprint, water availability and use on a planetary scale Water footprint and water consumption As usual The front edge of the glacier remains stationary while the conveyor belt of ice brings down more material. Glaciers do not sort sediments as flowing water and wind do.

Poorly sorted glacial sediments are known as till. Large boulders often lie in a matrix of sand and silt matrix-supported conglomerate Fig Here, the principle medium for sedimentary transport is not streams, it is the wind.

Examples of well-sorted sediment include quartz sandstones see the 2nd diagram above — rounded, well-sorted and shales 3rd diagram, angular well-sorted. Streambed gravel a sediment or conglomerate a sedimentary rock containing sand and silt is an example of a rounded, poorly-sorted sediment 1st diagram. The rock fragments are usually angular and sharp rather than rounded, because they are deposited from the ice and have undergone little water transport. The pebbles and boulders may be faceted and striated from grinding while lodged in the glacier.

Glacial till contains sediments of every size, from tiny particles smaller than a grain of sand to large boulders, all jumbled together. Glacial flour is that smallest size of sediment much smaller than sand and is responsible for the milky, colored water in the rivers, streams, and lakes that are fed by glaciers. Till is unsorted sediment deposited directly from the melting glacial ice; stream action is not involved. They are not the only deposits composed of till. Most of the well-dated Gondwana glacial deposits are of very Early Permian age.

At least local glaciation occurred during the Late Carboniferous and also during the later Early Permian. Glacial stages alternated with interglacial ones.

The continental glaciers of even the now-tropical Gondwana continents reached sea level for marine deposits occur with glacial drift. Ice sheets bearing continental-shield debris flowed onto each continent from the direction of present oceans. The distribution of warm-climate Early Permian deposits is as aberrant as that of glacial deposits; red beds, evaporites, thick biochemical limestones, diverse-fauna coral bioherms, and large foraminifera occur, for example, in the northernmost lands of the Atlantic sector of the Arctic.

Only continental drift offers a rational solution to the problems of distribution of paleoclimatic indicators. Long-lasting sedimentary basins were produced by permanent changes in crust and mantle configuration resulting from glacial loading.

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