What does carcinoma in situ mean

An excision biopsy removes the entire abnormal area, often with some of the surrounding normal tissue. An excision biopsy is much like a type of breast-conserving surgery called a lumpectomy.

This is a term used to describe a cancer that begins in the lining layer epithelial cells of organs like the breast. Nearly all breast cancers are carcinomas. This term is used for the earliest stage of breast cancer, when it is confined to the layer of cells where it began. The normal breast is made of tiny tubes ducts that end in a group of sacs lobules.

Cancer starts in the cells lining the ducts or lobules, when a normal cell becomes a carcinoma cell. As long as the carcinoma cells are still confined to the breast ducts or lobules, and do not break out and grow into surrounding tissue, it is considered in-situ carcinoma also known as carcinoma in situ, or CIS.

Once the carcinoma cells have grown and broken out of the ducts or lobules, it is called invasive or infiltrating carcinoma. In an invasive carcinoma , the tumor cells can spread metastasize to other parts of your body.

Intraductal carcinoma is another name for ductal carcinoma in-situ. LCIS is discussed on a different page. If DCIS is left untreated, it can go on to become an invasive cancer, so it is often called a pre-cancer. Treatment is aimed at getting rid of all the DCIS, usually by surgery. In some cases, radiation radiotherapy or hormone therapy like tamoxifen is given after surgery to lower the chance that it will come back later recur or that invasive carcinoma will occur.

E-cadherin is a test that the pathologist might use to help determine if the carcinoma in situ is ductal or lobular. If your report does not mention E-cadherin, it means that this test was not needed to make the distinction.

These terms are used to describe certain ways that the DCIS looks under the microscope. Some of these are linked to a higher chance that the DCIS may come back after treatment, so finding them may change your treatment. Childhood Cancers Research. Global Cancer Research. Cancer Research Infrastructure.

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Transfer of a Grant. Grant Closeout. Carcinoma in situ can appear anywhere in the body because cancer always begins with changes in a few cells. Here are just a few of the types. Papillary urothelial carcinoma is a type of bladder cancer that involves small, finger shaped growths.

These often remain in situ, which means they do not spread to other areas. Learn more about papillary urothelial carcinoma here. Many women have a routine Pap smear test to check for cervical cancer. A possible result of this test is cervical carcinoma in situ. This finding means that there are precancerous cells on the surface layer of the cervix.

These in situ cells are not cancer, but they could become malignant. If they do this, they can start to invade other tissues. For this reason, a doctor will recommend treatment to remove the cells.

This will reduce the risk of cancer developing later. Learn more here about the Pap smear. These conditions are not cancer. The cells are noninvasive, and they may not spread. However, precancerous cells may become invasive at a later date, so it is best to remove them. Ductal means that cells are growing in the milk ducts of the breasts. Lobular means they are growing in the lobules of the milk producing glands. People can have surgery or surgery and radiation therapy to remove DCIS.

Find out more about breast cancer, how to recognize the changes, and what to expect. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ refers to changes in skin cells that could become cancerous. The changes are on the surface layer of the skin only. The cells most commonly appear where the skin has exposure to the sun, such as the face, ears, and neck.

This is done by surgically removing the cells or tumor. This type of surgery can often be done by laparoscopy. Doctors perform laparoscopic surgery by inserting a small camera into your body to help them see your organs and the tumor. This allows them to make only a small incision. Laparoscopic surgeries are less invasive and have shorter healing times than traditional surgeries. Your treatment for cervical AIS depends on a few different factors. The first step will be to remove the abnormal cells through a procedure called excision.

Following the excision, you and your doctor will need to make some decisions. Often, doctors will also perform a hysterectomy to prevent cervical cancer from returning. This testing will include pap smears, HPV testing, and endocervical tissue biopsies. For many people with cervical AIS, this is a complex decision. You and your doctor can work together to look at all the possible outcomes and make the best choice for you.

This early detection is why AIS has an excellent outlook. When AIS is treated, the cells never become cancerous and you can make a full recovery. AIS can occur in any organ with mucus-producing glands. It is typically found in the cervix, pancreas, lungs, and colon. AIS is treated by removing the abnormal cells before they become cancer.